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EU HORIZON EUROPE RESEARCH & INNOVATION PROJECT

Closing the loop for low-CO2 steel.

CircSmeltSteel develops, validates and scales two low-CO₂ electric melting routes — the Electric Smelting Furnace and the Electric Arc Furnace — that valorize metallurgical by-products as secondary raw materials for high-quality steelmaking.

Explore the project Meet the consortium
Scrap & residues
Electric smelting
Green steel
PARTNERS
26
BelgiumGermanyAustriaSloveniaItalySpainSweden
COUNTRIES
7
MONTHS
48
CIRCULAR VALUE CHAIN
1
LATEST

News & Research

All news
All News8
NEWS · September 15, 2026
CircSmeltSteel Partner, ADI
NEWS · September 11, 2026
CircSmeltSteel Partner, AIT
NEWS · September 10, 2026
Clustering Meeting
NEWS · September 9, 2026
CircSmeltSteel Partner, SMS Research Group
NEWS · September 8, 2026
CircSmeltSteel Coordinator, K1-MET
NEWS · September 4, 2026
Meet Our Consortium
NEWS · July 6, 2026
CircSmeltSteel Project Kickoff Marks New Era in Circular Steel Production
NEWS · July 6, 2026
CircSmeltSteel: Low-Carbon Steel Production with European Partner
THE PROCESS CHAIN

From residue to high-quality steel

STEP 1
Scrap & residues
Characterisation and sorting of secondary raw materials.
STEP 2
Pre-treatment
Agglomeration and conditioning for furnace charging.
STEP 3
Electric smelting
Melting with renewable electricity instead of fossil carbon.
STEP 4
Refining & casting
Quality control of tramp elements through to cast products.
STEP 5
Green steel
Slags and off-gases returned to the loop — nothing wasted.
WHAT WE DO

Three levers for a circular steel industry

01

By-product valorization

Blast furnace dust, BOF and EAF residues, process sludge and desulfurization slag become secondary feedstock — with by-product shares of up to 50% in the ESF and 20% in the EAF.

02

Electric smelting

Two electric melting routes — ESF and EAF — combined with bio-based carbon carriers replace the CO₂-intensive blast furnace route, demonstrated at pilot and industrial scale.

03

Digital process intelligence

CFD models and reduced-order models drive Level-2 automation in hot rolling and annealing; all data and models flow into a FAIR-compliant digital platform for the steel research community.

CIRCSMELTSTEEL · HORIZON EUROPE
Closing the loop.
Nothing wasted.
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Coordinated by K1-MET GmbH
Vordernberger Strasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria
CircSmeltSteel
CircSmeltSteel
Funded by the European Union

This project is funded under the European Union’s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme under the Clean Steel Partnership (Grant Agreement No. 101294187). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Commission. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.

Research Fund for Coal and Steel